How does the umbilical cord support fetal development?

The umbilical cord plays a crucial role in supporting fetal development by supplying essential nutrients and facilitating waste removal through its connection to the placenta. As the fetus grows, it relies on the placenta for the transfer of oxygen, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients from the mother’s bloodstream. This nutrient exchange occurs via the blood vessels within the umbilical cord, which effectively transport these vital substances to the fetus.

Additionally, the umbilical cord also serves to remove waste products produced by the fetus, ensuring that harmful substances are filtered out and expelled into the mother's circulation for elimination. This dual function is critical for maintaining the health and well-being of the developing fetus, as it helps create a stable environment for growth.

Options relating to the production of hormones, connecting to the mother's heart, or assisting in fetal movement do not accurately describe the primary functions of the umbilical cord. While the placenta does produce some hormones, it is not the primary role of the umbilical cord itself. The umbilical cord does not connect to the mother’s heart but rather serves as a conduit between the placenta and the fetus. Movement of the fetus is not facilitated directly by the umbilical cord, as the cord does not provide mobility but rather